Maize+–+Zea+Mais

=Maize – Zea Mais =  //**Family: Gramineae**// 


 * 1 Part Used:
 * 2 Abstracts of Published Research on Maize – Zea Mais
 * 3 Oligo-elements:
 * 4 Vitamins and Minerals:
 * 5 Phytochemical Constituents:
 * 6 Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.1 Cardio Vascular System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.2 Hematology-Oncology-Immune System-Infectious-Diseases:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.3 Immunological System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.4 Musculoskeletal System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.5 Psychiatry:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.6 Pulmonary System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.7 GI-Digestive Hepatology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.8 OBGYN/Reproductive System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.9 Endocrine System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.10 Renal Urogenital System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.11 Neurological/Nervous System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.12 Ophthalmology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.13 ENT:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.14 Dermatology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.15 Sport Medicine:

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Part Used: ** <span style="border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-color: white; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #cccccc; display: block; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 108px;">

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Embryonic germinating seed Rootlets

NOTE: //These indications are only for use with embryonic plant stem cell tissues. Adult plants do not have the same constituents, actions or applications in most cases.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Zea mais is a tall, determinate plant that was domesticated in Mesoamerica before spreading throughout the American continents and then throughout the world. Zea mais is part of the grass family; however, its erect, solid stem differs from the hollow stem of most other grasses. The Zea mais reaches an average height of 8 feet, and its large, narrow leaves appear alternately along the length of a solid stem. It is in flower from July to October, and the seeds ripen from September to October. Light yellow tassels, comprised of numerous small flowers bearing anthers that produce the male gametes, crown the plant at the stem apex. The female inflorescence contains up to 1,000 seeds on the hard core inside its husk.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Zea mais is a tall, determinate plant that was domesticated in Mesoamerica before spreading throughout the American continents and then throughout the world. Zea mais is part of the grass family; however, its erect, solid stem differs from the hollow stem of most other grasses. The Zea mais reaches an average height of 8 feet and its large, narrow leaves appear alternately along the length of a solid stem. It is in flower from July to October, and the seeds ripen from September to October. Light yellow tassels, comprised of numerous small flowers bearing anthers that produce the male gametes, crown the plant at the stem apex. The female inflorescence contains up to 1,000 seeds on the hard core inside its husk.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Edible uses include coffee, oil, pollen, seed, and syrup. Other uses include adhesive, fuel, oil, packing, paper. Straw hats and small articles such as little baskets are also made from the corn spathes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Edible Uses** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seed; Oil; Pollen; Coffee; Stem <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seed: these can be eaten raw or cooked. Corn is one of the most commonly grown foods in the world. The seed can be eaten raw or cooked before it is fully ripe and there are varieties especially developed for this purpose (the sweet corns) that have very sweet seeds and are delicious. The mature seed can be dried and used whole or ground into flour. It has a very mild flavor and is used especially as a thickening agent in foods such as custards. The starch is often extracted from the grain and used in making confectionery, noodles, etc. The dried seeds of certain varieties can be heated in an oven when they burst to make “popcorn.” The seed can also be sprouted and used in making uncooked breads and cereals. A nutritional analysis is available.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The fresh succulent 'silks' (the flowering parts of the cob) can also be eaten.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">An edible oil is obtained from the seed; it is an all-purpose culinary oil that is frequently used as a food in salads and for cooking purposes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The pollen is used as an ingredient of soups. Rich in protein, it is harvested by tapping the flowering heads over a flat surface such as a bowl. Harvesting the pollen will actually help to improve fertilization of the seeds.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The roasted seed is a coffee substitute.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The pith of the stem is chewed like sugar cane and is sometimes made into a syrup.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Other Uses**: Adhesive; Fuel; Oil; Packing; Paper.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A glue is made from the starch in the seed. This starch is also used in cosmetics and the manufacture of glucose.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. It has many industrial uses, including the manufacture of linoleum, paints, varnishes, soaps, etc.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The corn spathes are used in the production of paper, straw hats, and small articles such as little baskets.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A fiber obtained from the stems and seed husks is used for making paper. They are harvested in late summer after the seed has been harvested and cut into usable pieces and soaked in clear water for 24 hours. They are then cooked for 2 hours in soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. The fibers make a light greenish cream paper.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">(Note: Do not overcook the fiber, or it will produce a sticky pulp that is very hard to form into paper.)

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The dried cobs are used as a fuel. The pith of the stems is used as a packing material.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Composition:** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seed (Fresh weight) In g per 100 g weight of food:Water: 10.6; Calories: 361; Protein: 9.4; Fat: 4.3; Carbohydrate: 74.4;Fiber: 1.8; Ash: 1.3In mg per 100 g weight of food:Calcium: 9; Phosphorus: 290; Iron: 2.5; Vitamin A: 140; Thiamine: 0.43;Riboflavin: 0.1; Niacin: 1.9; Vitamin C: 0Maizenic acid: 2%; fixed oil; resin; sugar; mucilage and salts. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Corn is one of the rare germinated seeds use in PSC the rootlets of corn is a super food. It contains an almost complete list as in a multi-vitamin supplement a wealth of so many phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, oligo-elements etc... Only now do I understand why Mexican whom consumed the largest amount of corn in the world stay so healthy although their diets are limited in the variety of vegetable they consume. But when you study the entire impressive list of active phytochemical and nutritional composition that corn contains you will then understand that is why some poor country such as Mexico managed to stay healthier than us. The rootlets works has a //**broad spectrum antibiotic**//. It also works has **an anti-inflammatory on the Myocardial Arterial Tissues. Maize** lowers blood transaminase levels after Myocardial Infarction. I call it food for the Heart.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Here we are talking about the germinating stage of the seedlings. //**These Rootlets**// role for //**ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters**// in root exudation of phytochemicals, it was identified //**25 ABC transporter genes highly expressed in the root cells most likely to be involved in secretion processes.**// These young rootlets are **Thioredoxin-Reductase Regulator.** These young roots have all of following same phytochemicals composition as for Maize, Rye and Silver Birch seeds.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Not only phytochemicals plays a role in human health but their proteins and genes also comes to the rescue. The roots are ABC Transporters in Humans also, phytosociology analogue to human physiology.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The rootlet soon becomes a root, assumes a corky layer instead of the tender, spongiform epidermis, and ceases to absorb. But new rootlets spring from the radicle, or branch from the axis, which in their turn absorb, harden, divide and subdivide; and so on indefinitely. The roots of the birch trees will spread to a distance of at least twice the tree's height. This means that the roots of a mature tree may cover an area about one third the size of a football field. Root systems of trees vary widely both within and between species, in different soil conditions and forest site types.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The term “fine roots” has been used for roots <2 mm in diameter. The short roots are morphologically distinct from the rest of the root system. Short roots, as for primary structure, are ectomycorrhizas (ECM). Since short-rootlets functions, such as water and ion uptake, are closely related to root structure, different morphological and physiological parameters of short absorbing roots are potential indicators of the mineral nutrition of trees on forest soils. Short roots adapt to changes in soil conditions by differentiating their anatomical and morphological features, which develop in conjunction with genetic variability and environmental conditions. Roots are initiated early in the apical meristem. At a short distance from the apex, the long cells undergo structural and histochemical changes from a “primary” towards a **“secondary” stage:** an impermeable suberized lamella is formed, cellulose lamellae become impregnated by lignin, and the protoplast dies off. The short cells show a distinctly thickened outer wall (“cap”) which is composed exclusively of cellulose, and possess abundant cytoplasm with a large nucleus. In the process of ageing the structure of short cells is not markedly affected. Following the early disintegration of rhizodermis, the exodermis works as the external protective layer of the fragile end-root. Its long cells fulfill the mechanical protection, the short cells serve as passage cells for solutions and gases, during the whole life-span of the rootlet. The primary root is only a few inches long and is short lived. It is soon replaced by the thick, long, storage roots which are clothed with short, absorbing laterals.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Abstracts of Published Research on Maize – Zea Mais: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">1. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 14;57(19):9284-92. Oxidation of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol and prevention by natural antioxidants. //Xu G, Guan L, Sun J, Chen ZY//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">2. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">J Med Food. 2009 Aug;12(4):704-13. Evaluation of indigenous grains from the Peruvian Andean region for antidiabetes and antihypertension potential using in vitro methods. //Ranilla LG, Apostolidis E, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM, Shetty K//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Oligo-elements: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Ag, B, Cu, Cr, Fe, I, Li, Mb, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, K, Se, Si, Su, Ti, V, Zn.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Vitamins and Minerals: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, Biotin, C, Calcium, Choline, D, E, Folacin, Inositol, Phosphatidyl-Choline.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Phytochemical Constituents: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">High level of Amino acids Importers. 1,8-cineole, 2-methyl-butan-1-al, 2-methyl-butan-1-ol, 2-methyl-naphthalene, 2-methyl-pent-2-en-1-al, 2-methyl- pentan-3-one, 2-methyl-propan-1-ol, 3'-o-methyl-maysin, 3-methyl-butan -1-ol, 3-O-Caffeoylquinic-Acid, 4-Vinyl-Guaiacol, 5-O- Caffeoylquinic-Acid, Adenine, Adenosine, Alanine, Allantoin, Alpha-Amyrin, Alpha-Carotene, Alpha-Linoleic-Acid, Alpha-Pinene, Alpha-Terpineol, Alpha-Tocopherol, Anthranilic-Acid, Apiforol, Apigenidin, Arginine, Ascorbic-Acid, Aspartic-Acid, Astragalin, **Sesquiterpene Abscisic acid (ABA), Auxins Indoleacetic acid oxidase activity (IAA)**, Benzaldehyde, Beta-Amyrin, Beta-Carotene, Beta-Ionone, Beta-Pinene, Beta-Sitosterol, Betaine, Biphenyl, **Brassinosteroids** (BR), Caffeic-Acid, Caleosins, Campesterol, Carvacrol, Caryophyllene, (+)-catechin, Chlorophyll catabolites, Cellulose, Chelidonic-Acid, Chlorine, Chlorophyll catabolites, Cholesterol, Cinnamic-Acid-Ethyl-Ester, Citronellol, Coixol, Coumarin, Crocetin, Cryptoxanthin, Cyanidin, Cyanin, Cycloartenol, Cycloeucalenol, Cyclosadol, Cystine, **Cytokinins (CK)**, Daucosterol, Decan-1-AL, Dec-trans-2-cis-4-dien-1-al, Decan-1-al, Decan-1-ol, Dodecan-1-al, Delta-Cadinene, Dimethoxy-Benzenes, Antifungal Diterpene defense compounds, 3,4'-dihydroxypropiophenone, Emodin, **Ergosterol**, Estrone, Ethanol, Ethanolamine, Ethyl-Acetate, Eugenol, Ferulic-Acid, Fiber, Friedelin, Fructose, Furfural, Gallo-Tannin, Gamma-Tocopherol, Geranial, Geraniol, //**Gibberellins (GA)**//, Glucose, Glutamic-Acid, Glutathione, Glycerol, Glycine, Glycolic-Acid, Guaiacol, Guanidine, Hept-cis-4-en-2-ol, Hepta-trans-2-cis-4-dien-1-al, Hepta-trans-2-en-1-al, Heptan-1-al, Heptan-1-ol, Heptan-2-ol, Hex-1-en-3-ol, Hexan-1-al, Histidine, Hordenine, //**Immunoglobulin**//, Isoleucine, Isoquercitrin,//**Jasmonates-Jasmonic acid (JA), Methyl jasmonate (MJA)**//, Lactic-Acid, Lanosterol, Leucine, Leucocyanidin, Leucopelargonidin, //**Ligand**//, Lignin, Lignoceric-Acid, Limonene, Linoleic-Acid, Lipids phospholipid composition Exporters, Lithium, Lutein, Luteoforol, Luteolinidin, Lysine, Malic-Acid, Mannose, Maysin, Maizenic Acid, Menthol, //**Meristems plant stem cells (PSC)**//, Methionine, Molybdenum, Myrcene, Myricitrin, Naphthalene, Nerolidol, Nicotianamine, Non-trans-2-en-1-al, Nona-trans-2-trans-4-dien-1-al, Nonal-n-2-ol, Nonan-1-al, O-diethyl-phthalate, Octan-1-ol, Oleic-Acid, //**Oleosins**//, Orientin, P-Coumaric-Acid, P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Palmitic-Acid, Palmitoleic-Acid, Pectin, Pelargonidin, Phenethyl-Alcohol, Phenols, Phenylalanine, Phytohaemagglutinin, Platyphylloside, Polyamines (PAs); Putrescine, Spermidine, and Spermine. Proteins, and Peptides, Protocatechuic-Acid, Proanthocyanidins, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-O-Beta-D-Glucoside, Quinic-Acid, Ribonuclease, Ricinoleic-Acid, Sabinol, //**Salicylic acid (SA)**//, Serine, Spermidine, Spermine, Squalene, Starch, Stearic-Acid, Steroidal triterpenoids, 3-hydroxy-4(Z), 6(Z), 8(Z), 10(Z)-tetraenoic acid, **Stigmasterol**, Succinic-Acid, Sucrose, Syringaldehyde, Syringic-Acid, Threonine, Thymol, Trans-Ferulic-Acid, Trigonelline, Trimethyl-benzenes, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Undec-trans-2-en-1-al, Valine, Vanillic-Acid, Vanillin, Vitexin, Xanthotoxin, Xylose, Zeatin, Zeaxanthin.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A wealth of Sterol and Sterolins, Antioxidants, Amino Acids, Organic Acids, Oligo-elements, Vitamins and Minerals. Almost 300 hundred compounds!

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> **Hormonal Vitamins** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The chemicals thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin are vitamins, necessary in the diet of animals and other heterotrophs for normal growth and maintenance. In the green plant these same chemicals function in the physiological role of hormones. And within the cells of organisms they each //**function as a part of a vital enzyme.**// Thus the same chemical may function in any of three physiological roles: **vitamin, hormone, and enzyme**. Auxins are also responsible for adventitious root development.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In various combinations thiamin, pyridoxine or niacin //**will support the indefinite growth of isolated roots**// of many species.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Green font color for ABC Transporters. Among the compounds that are //**mobilized by these transporters**// are: glutathione-conjugates (Martinoia et al. 1993. Antifungal terpenoids (Jasinski et al. 2001), Auxins (Noh et al. 2001; Geisler et al. 2005), <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Xavones (Kleinet al. 2000). Steroids (Forestier et al. 2003).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The root contains many plant hormones; growth, stress and immune hormones. Phenolic compounds in birch during early ontogeny: regulation of biosynthesis and accumulation in response to nutrient availability and UV-B radiation. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Phenolics are known to exhibit many biological functions in plants.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">1. Take part in defense against herbivores and pathogens. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">2. Others attract pollinators in flowers. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">3. Some in protection against the harmful UV-B radiation from the sun.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Phytochemicals in the same plant species can greatly vary in its composition of constituents and concentration due too many other factors such as; altitude, latitude, longitude, weather, acid rain, pollution, nutrient-deficient soil, etc… This is another reason why embryonic plant tissues are more constant at least in their genetic information phytochemical constituency in nana particle amounts which can only be seen and identified by electronic microscopy and not always by gas or liquid chromatography HPCL analysis.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Gallotannins and condensed tannins may be use in defensive herbivores.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chlorogenic acid has been shown to decrease pathogen virulence.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Flavonoids and cinnamic acid induced, for example, by nitrogen (N) deficiency and UV-B radiation.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">An increase in phenolics production in deficiency of nitrogen.

References: //University of Joensuu, 2005, 112 pp.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">University of Joensuu, PhD Dissertations in Biology, No: ISSN 1457-2486

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Madison team then was able to isolate and synthesize the first highly active cytokinin plant hormone, scientific name 6-furfurylaminopurine. They named the compound kinetin and published their findings in the May 5, 1955 issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Roots also synthesize Cytokinin. Cytokinin is generally found in higher concentrations in meristematic regions and growing tissues. They are believed to be synthesized in the roots and translocated via the xylem to shoots. Cytokinin biosynthesis happens through the biochemical modification of adenine. A product of the mevalonate pathway called isopentyl pyrophosphate is isomerized. This isomer can then react with adenosine monophosphate with the aid of an enzyme called isopentenyl AMP synthase. Early root growth is one of the functions of the apical meristem located near the tip of the root. The meristem cells more or less continuously divide, producing more meristem, root cap cells (these are sacrificed to protect the meristem), and undifferentiated root cells.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Proteoid roots, also known as cluster roots, are plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets. They enhance nutrient uptake.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Phenols** extracted from roots of plants showing resistance to the diseases. Induced plant defenses breached?

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Phytochemical induction protects an herbivore from disease sometime. Evidence has shown that phytochemical induction can inhibit a pathogen of the herbivore responsible for the defoliation. The amount of antioxidative and defensive phenolics, i.e. myricitrin, (+)-catechin, 3,4'-dihydroxypropiophenone and proanthocyanidins.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">They are antiseptic and bactericidal. Because they stimulate both the nervous system (making them effective against depressive illness) and the immune system, they activate the body's own healing process.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Ethers rarely, if ever, occur alone in essential oils. The relationship to phenolic ethers is close, their antidepressant, antispasmodic and sedative properties echoing those of the phenolic ethers, as do those of esters.

//References:// Adair, W.L. and Brennan, S.L. The role of N-6-isopentenyl adenine in tumor cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;137:208-214.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Dolezal, K, et al. Preparation and biological activity of 6-benzylaminopurine derivatives in plants and human cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2006;14:875-874.//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;"> Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications:

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**The Super Food!** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Corn is one of the rare germinated seeds use in PSC Gemmotherapy; the rootlets of corn is a super food. It contains an almost complete list as in a multi-vitamin supplement--a wealth of many phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, oligo-elements etc. Only now do I understand why Mexicans, who consume the largest amount of corn in the world, stay so healthy, despite their diets being limited in the variety of vegetable they consume. But when you study the entire impressive list of active phytochemical and nutritional composition contained in corn one can readily understand why some poor countries such as Mexico manage to stay healthy. The rootlets work as a broad spectrum antibiotic and as an anti-inflammatory on the Myocardial Arterial tissues. Maize lowers blood transaminase levels after Myocardial Infarction. I call corn “food for the heart.” <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Corn is one of the three (Maize, Rye and Silver Birch), embryonic germinating seeds use in PSC the rootlets of corn is a super food. It contains an almost complete list as in a multi-vitamin supplement a wealth of so many phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, oligo-elements etc... Only now do I understand why Mexican whom consumed the largest amount of corn in the world stay so healthy although their diets are limited in the variety of vegetable they consume. But when you study the entire impressive list of active phytochemical and nutritional composition that corn contains you will then understand that is why some poor country such as Mexico managed to stay healthier than us. The rootlets works has a broad spectrum antibiotic. It also works has an anti-inflammatory on the Myocardial Arterial Tissues. Maize lowers blood transaminase levels after Myocardial Infarction. I call it food for the Heart.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Here we are talking about the germinating stage of the seedlings. These Rootlets role for //**ATP-binding cassette (ABC)**// transporters in root exudation of phytochemicals, it was identified 25 ABC transporter genes highly expressed in the root cells most likely to be involved in secretion processes. These young rootlets are **Thioredoxin-Reductase Regulator**. These young roots have all of following same phytochemicals composition as for Maize, Rye and Silver Birch seeds.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Not only phytochemicals plays a role in human health but their proteins and genes also come to the rescue. The roots are ABC Transporters in Humans also, phytosociology analogue to human physiology.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The rootlet soon becomes a root, assumes a corky layer instead of the tender, spongiform epidermis, and ceases to absorb. But new rootlets spring from the radicle, or branch from the axis, which in their turn absorb, harden, divide and subdivide; and so on indefinitely. The roots of the birch trees will spread to a distance of at least twice the tree's height. This means that the roots of a mature tree may cover an area about one third the size of a football field. Root systems of trees vary widely both within and between species, in different soil conditions and forest site types.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The term “fine roots” has been used for roots <2 mm in diameter. The short roots are morphologically distinct from the rest of the root system. Short roots, as for primary structure, are ectomycorrhizas (ECM). Since short-rootlets functions, such as water and ion uptake, are closely related to root structure, different morphological and physiological parameters of short absorbing roots are potential indicators of the mineral nutrition of trees on forest soils. Short roots adapt to changes in soil conditions by differentiating their anatomical and morphological features, which develop in conjunction with genetic variability and environmental conditions. Roots are initiated early in the apical meristem. At a short distance from the apex, the long cells undergo structural and histochemical changes from a “primary” towards a “secondary” stage: an impermeable suberized lamella is formed, cellulose lamellae become impregnated by lignin, and the protoplast dies off. The short cells show a distinctly thickened outer wall (“cap”) which is composed exclusively of cellulose, and possess abundant cytoplasm with a large nucleus. In the process of ageing the structure of short cells is not markedly affected. Following the early disintegration of rhizodermis, the exodermis works as the external protective layer of the fragile end-root. Its long cells fulfill the mechanical protection, the short cells serve as passage cells for solutions and gases, during the whole life-span of the rootlet. The primary root is only a few inches long and is short lived. It is soon replaced by the thick, long, storage roots which are clothed with short, absorbing laterals.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Cardio Vascular System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Contains 23 phytochemicals which are Antisclerotic. Coronary Insufficiency, Cicatrisation of Myocardial posts Infarctus. Angina, Hypertension, Reduces Cholesterol. Caseolin and Oleosin **novel plant and fungal proteins contain an EF-hand calcium binding (involved in muscle relaxation) via its calcium-binding activity domain**, a proline-rich hydrophobic domain. Angina chest pain muscle relaxant, Prevents atherosclerosis calcification formation, Lowers Total and LDL Cholesterol.Dosage for these conditions must reach blood saturation 10 to 30 drops 3 x a day depending on severity.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Hematology-Oncology-Immune System-Infectious-Diseases: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' contains 44 phytochemicals that are **Antibacterial** and 24 phytochemicals that are **Antiviral**, Broad spectrum antibiotic and antiviral. Antiflu, contains 13 phytochemicals that are Antiherpetic.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Abscisic acid is also //**involved in the stimulation of human granulocytes with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger**// (Bruzzone S et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104, 5759). And possibly other immune cell types, by activating chemokinesis. It also stimulates phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (which help kill pathogens) and nitric oxide (another cytokine). //**Immune system regulation by cytokines.**//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Auxins**// stimulate enzymes that make estrogen less effective and could reduce the risk for breast cancer. Indoles which detoxifies excess xenoestrogens. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) in combination with the plant enzyme peroxidase //**produced toxic by-products that destroyed cancerous tumors**// while leaving the rest of the body's tissues unscathed. Plant growth **regulator** auxin can **inhibit the cell death** elicited by a purified proteinaceous hypersensitive response (HR) elicitor. //**The inhibition affects “reporters of immune response”**// which is “immune response-related to signaling pathways”. The innate immune system is ancient and highly conserved. It is the first line of defense. Signaling events that convert pathogen detection into a defense response are central to innate immunity.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One form of plant immunity against pathogens involves a //**rapid host programmed cell death at the site of infection**// accompanied by the//**activation of local and systemic resistance to pathogens, termed the hypersensitive response**// (HR). Reversal of an immunity associated plant cell death program by the //**growth regulator auxin**//. Plant growth //**regulator auxin**// can //**inhibit the cell death**// elicited by a purified proteinaceous hypersensitive response (HR) elicitor. //**The inhibition affects “reporters of immune response” which is “immune response-related to signaling pathways”**// NFκB, PKC/Ca++, Type 1 Interferons, Interferon Gamma, MAPK/ERK, MAPK/JNK, TGFβ, cAMP/PKA, C/EBP, Notch. Statins has shown promise in treating a mouse model of **Multiple Sclerosis**, an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Brassinosteroids have //**immuno-modulating effects normalizing an over-reactive antibody response**// as well as //**anti-inflammatory**// and//**anti-cancer**// properties.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In humans, multiple drug resistance MDR proteins protect cells from toxins and are the proteins responsible for removing chemotherapy drugs from the cells. To bypass MDR proteins, chemotherapy dose not need to be high, causing the severe side effects associated with the treatment. //**So you can effectively use auxin plant growth hormone extract to bypass MDR and improves the effectiveness of chemotherapy**//. This effective hormone will reduced the amount of chemotherapy needed to achieve superior results.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Brassinosteroids are HMG-CoA reductase (or natural "statins")**, is central to the synthesis of sterols and steroids, including the steroid hormones. Dietary type 2 secondary-metabolite modulators of HMG-CoA reductase activity include brassinosteroids. BRs bind a small family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases at the cell surface, thereby initiating an intracellular signal transduction cascade that results in the altered expression of hundreds of genes. In humans, the gene for HMG-CoA reductase is located on the long arm of the fifth chromosome (5q13.3-14). Related enzymes having the same function are also present in other animals, plants and bacteria.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">HMG-CoA reductase is active when blood glucose is high. The basic functions of insulin and glucagon are to maintain glucose homeostasis. Thus, in controlling blood sugar levels they indirectly affect the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, but a decrease in activity of the enzyme is caused by an AMP-activated protein kinase which responds to an increase in AMP concentration, and also to leptin (Phosphorylation of reductase).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Statins have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, most likely as a result of their ability to limit production of key downstream isoprenoids that are required for portions of the inflammatory response. Notably, blocking of isoprenoid synthesis by statins has shown promise in treating a mouse model of **multiple sclerosis**, an inflammatory autoimmune disease.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Brassinosteroids have //**immuno-modulating effects normalizing an over-reactive antibody response**// as well as //**anti-inflammatory**// and//**anti-cancer**// properties. Their effects on immune system balance are thought to be beneficial in treatment of //**allergies**// and other //**autoimmune conditions**//. The scope of antiviral activity of these brassinosteroids against RNA and DNA viruses a selective class of virus inhibitors.**Brassinosteroids** are //**cell correctors regaining normal growth**// and **regulatory effects** by secondary metabolites on functional domains of proteins in maintenance of homeostasis. Alter human P450 activity which is involved in the synthesis of toxic chemical in the in humans and plants involved in that chemical's metabolism and elimination when it is ingested and //**seen as a noxious foreign compound. Anticancer and antiproliferative**// activity of natural **brassinosteroids //cytotoxic//** provide the first evidence that natural BRs can //**inhibit the growth**//, at micromolar concentrations, of several human cancer cell lines without affecting the growth of normal cells. Therefore, these plant hormones are promising leads for potential anticancer drugs.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several immunomodulatory properties of statins may account for their beneficial clinical effect: Statins decreased the migration of leukocytes into the central nervous system, inhibited major histocompatibility complex MHC class II and costimulatory signals required for activation of proinflammatory T cells, induced a T(H)2 phenotype in T cells, and decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system, including nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha. It was also demonstrated that statin use significantly reduced beta-amyloid secretion in the cerebrospinal fluid of experimental animals.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">HMG-CoA reductase is also an important developmental enzyme. Inhibition of its activity and the concomitant lack of isoprenoids that yields can lead to morphological defects.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The dual roles of receptor kinases in BR signaling and defense responses. BR are //**Insensitive-Suppressor-Inhibitor-Regulator. The connection between the proteins and steroids such were known to be brassinosteroids signaling kinases.**// Plants use the coordinated action of several small-molecule hormones to grow and develop optimally in response to a changing environment. Among these hormones are the brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of plants. BRs bind a small family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases at the cell surface, thereby initiating an intracellular signal transduction cascade that results in the altered expression of hundreds of genes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Brassinosteroids reducing several mammalian steroids with a 3-oxo,D4,5 structure including testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone. These receptors achieve their physiological functions by binding to specific DNA sequences termed hormone response elements, thereby activating or suppressing target gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. Novel steroid //**5 alpha-reductase inhibitor.**// It is always easier to diagnose androgen levels //**that are too high**// than levels that are too low. Also no consensus on what blood test range are normal. Plus, levels fluctuate depending on a woman's or men’s age, the timing of her menstrual cycle and menopausal or andropause status.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Most Amazing Phytohormone shown to be effective in a micromolar (one-millionth of a mole per liter) range, despite having minimal effects on normal cells.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> **Brassinosteroids Biological Activities are as follow** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Stimulation or inhibition of growth and development. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Activation or inhibition of the immune system. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Regulation of metabolism (the breakdown or synthesis of biological molecules). <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Preparation for a new activity in response to environmental stimuli (such as, fighting, fleeing, mating). <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Preparation for a new phase of life (for example, puberty, caring for offspring, menopause, andropause). <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Control of the reproductive cycle. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Induced apoptosis. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Maintain the homeostasis. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">HMG-CoA reductase **(or natural "statins")**. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Cytotoxic. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Carcinomic gene disruptor-nuclear receptor interactions. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">BSKs (brassinosteroid signaling kinases). Insensitive-Suppressor-Inhibitor-Regulator.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic June 2007.// <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** (Adam and Marquardt, 1986; Singh and Bhardwaj, 1986; Mandava, 1988; Abreu, 1991; Takatsuto, 1994; Fujioka and Sakurai, 1997a; Adam et al., 1999; Fujioka, 1999). (Zullo et al., 2002).//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Cytokinins**// are //**immunomodulating agents (interleukins, interferons, etc.)**//. Multiple sclerosis, Fibromyalgias, Allergies, Asthma.//**Cytokinins influences on cellular DNA repair mechanisms**// in a person in advance of or following exposure of the subject to radiation therapy helpful in the prophylaxis use of these rootlets for the protection of //**blood cell disorders**// such as //**neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, and anemia.**// In regulating cell growth, cytokinins also prevent mistakes that may lead to the development of cancer. Normal cells are kept healthy while cancerous cells are programmed to die, preventing them from growing and spreading. Much of the early research on cytokinins was funded by The American Cancer Society. Soon after the discovery of cytokinins in the 1950s researchers quickly recognized their potential in fighting cancer. Subsequently, the anti-cancer effects of cytokinins have been well documented.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some of the brassinosteroids compounds showed selectivity indexes (SI) 10- to 18- fold higher than ribavirin, //**a broad spectrum antiviral compound,**// when tested against Junin virus (JV) (Arenaviridae); //**a good antiviral activity against measles virus**// (MV) (Paramixoviridae), with SI values also higher than ribavirin used as reference drug, and a similar or lower activity against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 **(HSV-1 and HSV-2)** (Herpesviridae) when compared to foscarnet or acyclovir, respectively. The scope of antiviral activity of these compounds against RNA and DNA viruses a selective class of virus inhibitors. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A role for //**ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters**// in root exudation of phytochemicals, it was identified //**25 ABC transporter genes highly expressed in the root cells most likely to be involved in secretion processes.**// Genes highly expressed in the //**root cells**// most likely to be involved in secretion processes. ABC transporters play a central role in many biomedical phenomena, including genetic diseases such as tumor resistance, bacterial multidrug resistance, and a range of other inherited human diseases cystic fibrosis, multidrug resistance in cancer patients, and human pathogenic microbes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> These transporters mediate diverse cellular transport processes, such as the excretion //**of potentially toxic compounds, lipid translocation**//, and //**heavy metal tolerance**//, modulation of the activity of ion channels, and nutrient transport and salt stress. ABC transporter can be involved in the EVect of transporters on the secretion of phytochemical and that a transporter can be involved in the secretion of more than one secondary metabolite.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Plant Physiology 146:762-771 (2008) American Society of Plant Biologists Dayakar V. Badri, Victor M. Loyola-Vargas, Corey D. Broeckling, Clelia De-la-Peña, Michal Jasinski, Diana Santelia, Enrico Martinoia, Lloyd W. Sumner, Lois M. Banta, Frank Stermitz and Jorge M. Vivanco.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Both //**blood cancers and solid tumors**// seem to be responsive to the jasmonate compound, known also as //**methyl jasmonate. Increases the amount of paclitaxel (Taxol) produced**//. MJ is probably the //**most potent anti-cancer and anti-leukemia agent**// known to man.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Usually these ABC proteins encode transporters. These transporters provide an advantage to yeasts living in competitive environments by actively secreting toxic compounds, thereby serving as a //**first-line of defense**//. Availability and applicability of compounds that may work as//**ABC transporter blockers**//, as well as the roles of these compounds not only by directly blocking ABC transporters but also in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic drugs used against infectious diseases. These data may be helpful in the design of strategies to circumvent drug resistance in microorganisms including parasites in clinical circumstances. ABC Transporter Blockers and Reversal of Drug Resistance in Microorganisms, Bacterial, Candida albicans, Antimalarial, and Cancer Cells. ABC transporter interactions with endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Inhibition of ABC-transporters by low-molecular weight compounds has been extensively investigated in cancer patients; however, the clinical results have been disappointing.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In prokaryotes, importers mediate the uptake of nutrients into the cell. The substrates that can be transported include ions, amino acids, peptides, sugars, and other molecules that are mostly hydrophilic. The membrane-spanning region of the ABC transporter protects hydrophilic substrates from the lipids of the membrane bilayer thus providing a pathway across the cell membrane. Eukaryotes do not possess any importers. Exporters or effluxers, which are both present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, //**function as pumps that extrude toxins and drugs out of the cell**//. In gram-negative bacteria, exporters transport lipids and some polysaccharides from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. The third subgroup of ABC proteins do not function as transporters, but are rather involved in translation and DNA repair processes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Inhibition of bacterial protein translation**// is a key point of anti-microbial intervention therapy, with numerous antibiotics functioning as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics (MLS antibiotics) all cause inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. //**Resistance to this class of antibiotics is mediated by many different mechanisms, at least one of which involves an unusual class of ABC proteins**//. These antibiotic resistance element (ARE) type ABC proteins do not include membrane spanning segments within the polypeptide and are not linked in operons to membrane spanning regions. //**A straightforward transport-based explanation for the function of these ABC proteins in antibiotic resistance is therefore difficult to support**//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Alicia Ponte-Sucre Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela August 2009. Caister Academic Press.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Among the compounds that are //**mobilized by these transporters**// are: glutathione-conjugates (Martinoia et al. 1993.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Antifungal terpenoids (Jasinski et al. 2001), Auxins (Noh et al. 2001; Geisler et al. 2005), Xavones (Kleinet al. 2000). Steroids (Forestier et al. 2003).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Oleosin are thioredoxin-reductase, and can also be used as a //**“venom antidote”**//. Many //**animal types of venom and other**// <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> //**toxins contain**//disulfide bonds, including //**all snake venom neurotoxins**//, some //**bacterial neurotoxins including tetanus and botulinum A, bee venom phospholipase A.sub.2, and scorpion venom**//. In a further embodiment, //**the redox protein related compound genes in plants young roots**//provided herein can be used to inactivate venom toxins by reduction of disulfide bonds. A method of treating an individual suffering from the effects of a venom or toxin can include the step of administering an effective dose of a phyto pharmaceutical extract, in a pharmaceutically effective carrier in an amount sufficient to relieve or reverse the effects of the venom toxin on the individual. **Investigational.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Blood-clotting disorders Oleosin might provide us with a new treatment modality for thrombotic diseases.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Gaucher Disease** genetic disease in which a fatty substance (lipid) accumulates in cells and certain organs. Type I is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder in humans, resulting from deficiencies in the lysosomal hydrolase <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> glucocerebrosidase (hGC). Oleosin-fusion protein for the production of hGC.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Oleosin-human //**proinsulin**// fusion protein also will be of benefits for //**reperfusion injury**// plays a part in the brain's ischemic cascade, which is involved in //**stroke**// and //**brain trauma**//. Similar failure processes are involved in brain failure following reversal of //**cardiac arrest, failure to heal of chronic wounds such as pressure sores and diabetic foot ulcers**//. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Steroidal Triterpenoids Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Antiproliferative activity of 68 plant polyphenols on inhibitory potencies in human liver cancer cells**// was screened: <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The order of their potency to suppress the human liver cancer cells is chalcones > flavones > chromones > isoflavones > flavanones > coumarins.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chalcones comprise the most potent group with IC50 values ranging from 21.69 to 197 µM. Top nine most potent chalcones in the group have hydroxylation at 2′-carbon position in B-ring. Flavones ranked second in their potencies. Quercetin, 4-hydroxyflavone and luteolin are three hydroxyflavones with highest potencies in this group. Their IC50 values are 30.81, 39.29 and 71.17 µM, respectively. Chromones, isoflavones, flavanones and coumarins showed much lower potencies when compared to the first two groups with IC50 ranges of 61 to >400, 131 to >400, 138 to >400 and 360.85 to >400 µM, respectively. In mechanistic studies, the //**most potent chalcone**//, 2,2′-dihydroxychalcone //**could induce G2/M arrest and then apoptosis of the cancer cells**//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Department of Experimental Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, BLK 9, Level 3, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore 2008. Jacky Loa1, Pierce Chow1 and Kai Zhang1//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Immunological System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Immunostimulant contains 15 phytochemicals that supports the immune system. Increases WBC in Leucopenia. It is a Mold inhibitor but when process into corn flour then molds grow best keeping corn flour away from people who have mold allergies. Corn the vegetable itself is fine.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Abscisic acid is also //**involved in the stimulation of human granulocytes with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger**// (Bruzzone S et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104, 5759). And possibly other immune cell types, by activating chemokinesis. It also stimulates phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (which help kill pathogens) and nitric oxide (another cytokine). //**Immune system regulation by cytokines. Cytokinins are immunomodulating agents (interleukins, interferons, etc.)**//. Multiple sclerosis, Fibromyalgias, Allergies, Asthma.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Caseolin and Oleosin are thioredoxin-reductase which are proteins that act as //**antioxidants**// by facilitating the //**reduction of other proteins**// by cysteine thiol-disulfide //**exchange**//. Recombinant polypeptide can be an immunoglobulin heavy chain, or an immunologically active portion. Producing an //**immunoglobulin**//, through an oil-body-targeting-protein capable of associating with said oil bodies and said first//**immunoglobulin-polypeptide-chain for use here include substantially intact immunoglobulins, including any IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM**//. Nucleic acid sequence capable of terminating transcription in said cell. The oil-body-protein can be an //**oleosin or a caleosin**//, the first redox protein can be a thioredoxin and said second redox protein can be a thioredoxin-reductase. An immunologically active (capable of antigen binding multimeric-protein-complex).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Caleosin and Oleosin** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Body-Targeting-Proteins and the First and/or Second Recombinant Polypeptides. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Multimeric-Protein-Complexes. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Heteromultimeric-Protein-Complexes. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Multimeric-Fusion-Proteins. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Heteromultimeric-Fusion-Proteins. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Immunoglobulins. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Immunoglobulin-Polypeptide-Chains <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">• Redox-Fusion-Polypeptides, or the First and/or Second Thioredoxin-Related Proteins.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> The presence of //**ergosterol**// in fungal cell membranes coupled with its absence in animal cell membranes makes it a useful target for antifungal drugs. Ergosterol is also used as a fluidizer in the cell membranes of some protists, such as trypanosomes. This is the basis for the use of some antifungals //**against West African sleeping sickness**//. It binds to ergosterol and creates a polar pore in fungal membranes. This causes ions (predominantly K+ and H+) and other molecules to leak out of the cell, killing it.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Allergenicity to various foods //**is reduced due to activity of the thioredoxin-related protein or fragment**//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One of the main reason to use these young rootlets would be in resistant //**biofilms bacterial infections**// long standing, be it Antiviral, Bacterial, Fungal or Parasitic. //**Antiseptic and Bactericidal due to their phenols chalcone content.**//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> //**Sesquiterpene Abscisic Acid acts as a human cytokine**//. Involved in the //**stimulation of human granulocytes with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger**//. The //**ABA calls in more granulocytes, and possibly other immune cell types, by activating chemokinesis random (interleukin-8)**//. It also //**stimulates phagocytosis'**// and the production of reactive oxygen species (which help kill pathogens) and stimulate //**nitric oxide (another cytokine)**//. Abscisic acid is a close relative of Vitamin A. Basically; the term "cytokine" has been used to refer to the //**immunomodulating agents**//(interleukins, interferons, etc.). Conflicting data exists about what is termed a cytokine and what is termed a hormone.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Reversal of an immunity associated plant cell death program by the growth regulator **Auxin'//. Plant growth//** //regulator auxin **can**// inhibit the cell death elicited by a purified proteinaceous hypersensitive response (HR) elicitor. //**The inhibition affects “reporters of immune response”**//which is “immune response-related to signaling pathways”. The innate immune system is ancient and highly conserved. It is the first line of defense. Signaling events that convert pathogen detection into a defense response are central to innate immunity.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Suresh Gopalan: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USADOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In plants, the best-characterized ABC transporters are the full-size subfamilies of transporters, including the multi-drug resistance-related protein (MRP) transporter subfamily, the pleiotropic drug resistance protein (PDR) subfamily, and the multi-drug resistance P-glycoproteins (PGP) subfamily. The MRP transporters are known to function in vacuolar sequestration of glutathionylated compounds, malonylated chlorophyll catabolites and in guard cell ion flux. PDR subfamily members are characterized in fungal systems as efflux transporters of cytotoxic compounds (and in plants they are involved in exporting //**antifungal diterpene defense compounds**// to the leaf surface and also in disease resistance. Members of the third subfamily, the P-glycoproteins PGP transporters, are characterized to date as being implicated in the transport of the phytohormone auxin.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Brassinosteroids have //**immuno-modulating effects normalizing an over-reactive antibody response**// as well as //**anti-inflammatory**// and//**anti-cancer**// properties. Their effects on immune system balance are thought to be beneficial in treatment of //**allergies**// and other //**autoimmune conditions**//. Also antiherpetic activity. Some of the brassinosteroids compounds showed selectivity indexes (SI) 10- to 18- fold higher than ribavirin, a **“broad spectrum antiviral compound”**, when tested against Junin virus (JV) (Arenaviridae); a //**good antiviral activity against measles virus**// (MV) (Paramixoviridae), with SI values also higher than ribavirin used as reference drug, and a similar or lower activity against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 //**(HSV-1 and HSV-2)**// (Herpesviridae) when compared to foscarnet or acyclovir, respectively. The scope of antiviral activity of these compounds against RNA and DNA viruses a selective class of virus inhibitors.

//**References:** Authors: Wachsman M.B.1; Ramirez J.A.1; Talarico L.B.1; Galagovsky L.R.1; Coto C.E.1 Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents, Volume 3, Number 2, June 2004, pp. 163-179(17).//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Jasmonates-Jasmonic acid (JA), Methyl jasmonate (MJA) are produced from fatty acids and seem to promote the production of defense proteins that are used to fend off invading organisms. A plant stress and immune hormone that belongs to the jasmonate family. It is biosynthesized from linolenic acid by the octadecanoid pathway. It stimulates wound response and protects against dehydration. Antibacterial and Antifungal agents. Methyl jasmonate //**causes induction of a proteinase inhibitor**// that accumulates at low concentrations in response to wounding or pathogenic attacks.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Their effects on immune system balance are thought to be beneficial in treatment of //**allergies**// and other //**autoimmune conditions**//. The scope of antiviral activity of these brassinosteroids against RNA and DNA viruses a selective class of virus inhibitors.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Authors: Wachsman M.B.1; Ramirez J.A.1; Talarico L.B.1; Galagovsky L.R.1; Coto C.E.1 Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents, Volume 3, Number 2, June 2004, pp. 163-179(17).// <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">For these resistant infections you will need to use a higher dosage being 20-30 drops 3 x a day for a period of at least 2 or more months depending on repeat cultures results or other labs testing.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Musculoskeletal System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Contains 38 phytochemicals that are **Antiinflammatory** and contains 21 phytochemicals that are **Analgesic**. Contains 6 phytochemicals that are Antirheumatic and 4 phytochemicals that are COX-2-Inhibitor. Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Muscular dystrophy. Senile Coxarthritis (osteoarthritis). Contains Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol), a sterol, is a biological precursor to Vitamin D2. It is turned into viosterol by ultraviolet light, and is then converted into ergocalciferol, which is a form of Vitamin D. //**Ergosterol**// can prevent Osteoporosis. //**Caleosins contain an EF-hand**//, calcium binding (involved in muscle relaxation) via its calcium-binding activity domain, a proline-rich hydrophobic domain.//**Thioredoxin-reductase are proteins that act as antioxidants by facilitating the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange**//. Excellent for any Myalgias, Fibromyalgia. Protects the joints against free radical damage that can destroy joint tissue. The production of interleukins and cytokines that are associated with a healthy inflammation response are activated by //**potent steroidal triterpenoids**//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The combination of //**Malic acid**// from Crab apple buds with //**Indole acetic acid**// from embryonic //**Maize, Rye or Silver Birch seeds**// makes it a novel phytochemical synergy for the effective management of any types of //**myalgias**//. To that combo you can create a triad with the following: Mountain Pine buds (for its //**profen**// analgesic action-chondrocytes stimulation if in need of this action), White willow buds (for its //**salicylic acid**//content being an NSAIDs and immune stimulant). Betulinic acid concentrate when in need of a oncological treatment association with myalgias but not for bone pain.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Psychiatry: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Antidepressant. Maize rootlets contains significant amount of glutamic acid which helps to correct personality disorders and is useful in treating childhood behavioral disorders. Mental retardation. Ergosterol can prevent chronic ailments such seasonal affective disorder (SAD) associated Depression. Also giant redwood is good for this condition it already contains vitamin D and makes it a polycrest for people afflicted with skin cancers who cannot expose themselves to sunlight. //**Antidepressant, antispasmodic and sedative properties echoing those of the phenolic ethers, as do those of esters**//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Pulmonary System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P'Antiasthmatic. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis Oleosin proven to be very effective in these genetic diseases (MacNee et al. (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160:S58-S65). Steroidal Triterpenoids Hypotensive effect on pulmonary hypertension.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** GI-Digestive Hepatology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Peptic Ulcers, H-Pylori infection, Malnutrition, Multi Vitamins and Multi Mineral Complex. All Birch trees which are beneficial in all types of Hepatitis here with the young roots-rootlets which does not have a antiviral effects but are natural immunoglobulin due to the fungal protein fusion content of Caleosin and Oleosin. Immunoglobulin-Polypeptide-Chains. Acid reflux GERD, Antacid, //**Food Allergies is reduced due to activity of the thioredoxin-related protein or fragment**//. Ethanolamine and Oleic acid //**arrests GI bleeding, Esophageal varices**//, intestinal bowel disease like //**Ulcerative Colitis**//, perfect combination not to forget the added healing benefits from //**ethanolamine, oleic acid, glycolic acid, glycine, arginine, auxins and brassinosteroids**// what a complete treatment. Hepatorenal syndrome. Hyperammonemia; will be detoxify from the body by the use of these young embryonic roots. Will restore the ammonia related enzyme urea cycle defects.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Antiinflammatory, Colitis, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s, //**Abscisic acid**// cause DNA damage in the bacteria of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). The//**Indole-acetic acid in auxins**// is what helps //**tissue regeneration. Cytokinins**// improve internal plant digestion systems utilizing nutrients 20 to 30% better. They also //**help correct nutrient deficiencies**//. In short, they reverse conditions that many harsh fertilizers and chemicals have created. Polyamine putrescine supplementation may be beneficial to the growth of //**mucosal development of the small intestine**//. The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest cell turnover rates and therefore one of the highest rates of metabolic activity in the body. Polyamine content of an organ is associated with metabolic activity.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** OBGYN/Reproductive System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Infertility, Amenorrhea, Peri Menopause, Menopause, Hot Flashes, Vaginal Atrophy, Estrogenic Infertility, Toxemia of pregnancy. Abscisic acid //**neutralizes the effect of chorionic gonadotropin**//, the hormone that protects the fetus from being rejected. Therefore making it an excellent agent in //**preventing threatened miscarriage**//. Also good in //**Endometriosis, Adenomyosis and Uterine fibroids**//. Potentiates the follicular stage. The Ultimate Hormonal regulator for hypo or hyper hormonal balance due to brassinosteroids. //**Brassinosteroids far more potent than the other hormones: are C27, C28 and C29 steroids are considered to be key hormones in the world of Plant Kingdom**//. A plant growth and stress hormone is one of the best hormone to treat human //**male and female infertility-sterility**//. A study on animals already prove better metabolic and endocrine status and presented an optimal weaning/estrus period (5 days) as well as a better //**follicular dynamics**//which all translated into a higher percentage of pregnancies and a higher number of offspring.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**References:** Anna Maria Szatmari Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary. Volume 51(2): 137-160, 2007.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">What achieves this is the combination of Indole-3-acetic acid (auxin), Because of the role that the plant hormone, //**cytokinin**//, plays in//**preventing organ death**//, the researchers, led by biochemist Daniel R. Gallie, reasoned that cytokinin might rescue those flowers, which were destined to abort. What achieves this is the combination of Indole-3-acetic acid (auxin), Cytokinin, Gibberellin, and Abscisic acid, Brassinosteroids, Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid which are all present in the Maize embryonic seed.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**These brassinosteroids functions at the cellular level i.e. targets to the cell membrane and the cell receptor to its action in the nucleus, where genes are the targets of regulation**//. The link of hormones with the class of proteins called kinases, which are linked to the phosphate ions, to brassinosteroids. Such signal transduction pathways were established to show //**the connection between the proteins and steroids**//such were known to be brassinosteroids signaling kinases studies done by Professor Zhi-Yong Wang Department of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution for Science.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Jasmonic acid or gibberellic acid**// is a beneficial hormone for treating or preventing //**vaginal and/or reproductive problems in a female mammal**//. They increase the expression of P2Y purinergic receptors or estrogen receptors or vascular endothelial growth factor in vaginal or cervical epithelial cells. They facilitate renewal of regressing vaginal mucosa and //**prevent or improve vaginal dryness**//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Endocrine System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'A' Galactagogue, Lactation problem will increase breast milk production also a multi vitamins and mineral supplement through the mothers milk will supplement the baby with an enrich milk. Will correct deficient breast milk and won’t have any negative deterrent taste for the baby to reject it. It is also estrogenic. Diabetes hypoglycemic. Hypoglycemic coma, a complication of insulin treatment for diabetes. //**Steroidal Triterpenoids**//Inhibits Hyper Parathyroidism PTH. In pre-clinical studies, cytokinin-rich plant extracts has been shown to alleviate many Diabetic symptoms, including fasting serum glucose, in genetically obese mice, without affecting insulin levels. Good for both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Thioredoxin has been shown to interact with TXNIP, ASK1, Collagen, type I, alpha 1 and //**glucocorticoid receptor, and insulin**//. Oleosin-human//**proinsulin**// fusion protein.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Sesquiterpene abscisic acid**// also //**stimulates the endocrinal glands**// resulting in //**more secretions of enzymes**// and //**hormones. Auxins, Indole acetic acid IAA Detoxify excess Xenoestrogens**//. This can play a beneficial role in diseases associated with improper secretion of hormones such as, diabetes, where the //**enhanced insulin production**// will help lower the blood sugar level. It helps //**losing weight, removal of toxins**// from the body, and //**promotes digestion**//. All seeds contains some //**Abscisic acid**// which was shown to be an endogenous //**stimulator of insulin release from human pancreatic beta cells which it also regenerates with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger**// (Bruzzone S et al., J Biol Chem 2008, 283, 32188). This observation suggests that this lipid phytohormone may be involved in the physiology of insulin release, mainly in its dysregulation under conditions of inflammation. //**Brassinosteroids are similar to the hormone cortisol to deal with short term environmental stress just like cortisone**//. Resistance to stress. Anti-inflammatory.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Renal Urogenital System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Diuretic, Anti-inflammatory. Action on Urinary Sediment Crystals prevents stone formation lithontripic. Prostate Adenoma Antiinflammatory. Has with all the Birch trees considered “Nephritic Trees” all parts of the tree have an effect on the kidneys. Here we have a //**Novel Steroidal triterpenoids**//, 3-hydroxy-4(Z), 6(Z), 8(Z), 10(Z)-tetraenoic acid. Biological actions are: Antagonists of the vasoconstriction response. Plays an important role as a second messenger in autoregulation of renal blood flow, tubuloglomerular feedback, renal sodium transport, pulmonary function, and the mitogenic and vasoconstrictor responses to numerous vasoactive hormones and growth factors. The formation of cytochrome P-450 metabolites of AA is altered in genetic and experimental models of hypertension, diabetes, hepatorenal syndrome, and toxemia of pregnancy. Also contributes to the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II, endothelin, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and the inhibitory effects of parathyroid hormone, dopamine, angiotensin II, bradykinin, endothelin, and vasopressin on sodium transport in the kidney.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Given the critical role of this substance in the regulation of renal and pulmonary function, vascular tone, and the control of arterial pressure, it is likely that stable steroidal triterpenoids, 3-hydroxy-4(Z), 6(Z), 8(Z), 10(Z)-tetraenoic acid antagonists and analogs may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of some of these diseases. //**The control of renal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and cardiovascular function**//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Neurological/Nervous System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'A' Epilepsy, Improves Cognitive Function. Oleosin-human //**proinsulin**// fusion protein also will be of benefits for //**reperfusion injury**// plays a part in the brain's ischemic cascade, which is involved in //**stroke**// and //**brain trauma**//. Similar failure processes are involved in brain failure following reversal of //**cardiac arrest**//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Ophthalmology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Oleosin action on Cataracts will definitely arrest the progression and may even be able to dissolve small ones.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** ENT: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Airborne Allergies of all sorts.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Dermatology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Prevents age-related changes in human skin by protecting the DNA in skin cells from damage (antioxidant effects) and decreasing skin water loss. Cytokinins are also known as anti-aging hormones. Cytokinins regulate cell division and influence the rate at which plants age. Depending on the amount of cytokinins present, the aging process in plants can be either accelerated or retarded. One of the active sites of cytokinin production is in the roots. //**Cytokinins**// (kinins or lymphokines) - attract phagocytes, increase inflammatory response. Released by injured cells, these short polypeptides increase circulation and capillary permeability; attract //**white blood cells to the site of injury or infection**//; and increase sensitivity of nerve endings. When cytokinins are applied to the skin, they stimulate cell division of connective tissue which replaces older, damaged tissue with functionally younger tissue. Oleosin role in contact dermatitis. Will also regulate collagen type 1. Also contains the cell-proliferant and wound-healing substance allantoin, to speed the healing process. Emollient. Dandruff. Androgen Acne.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Sport Medicine: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">'P' Brassinosteroids: a plant growth and stress hormone are similar in many respects to animal steroids, but appear to function very differently at the cellular level. In animal cells, steroids use internal receptor molecules to get a response within the cell’s nucleus.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In plant cells, the receptors are anchored to the cell membranes’ outside surface. Brassinosteroids are also one of the most important hormones that regulate stature. Also regulates both the size and senescence. Brassinosteroids have been shown to //**increase cell size**//indicating that the enlargement may be affected by castasterone levels. **"Steroids"** are **critical for keeping the body running smoothly**. Different steroids perform important roles in the body's //**reproductive system, boost strength and enhance physical performance**//, and control the body's ability to //**combat allergic reactions**//. Although steroids are normally produced inside the human body, sometimes the quantities are insufficient or their production mechanisms are flawed. In these cases, steroids manufactured outside of the body can be administered to produce desired physiological effects.

Note: //That, the isolation and manipulation of brassinosteroids BRs may create// **unexpected toxins** //as byproducts of the modified p450 genes. Here we stay far away from the adulteration or manipulation of modified phytochemicals.//