Oriental+Plane+Tree+–+Platanus+Orientalis

=Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus Orientalis =  //**Family: Platanaceae**// 


 * 1 Part Used:
 * 2 Abstracts of Published Research on Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus Orientalis
 * 3 Oligo-elements:
 * 4 Phytochemical Constituents:
 * 5 Proanthocyanidins (flavonoid):
 * 6 Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.1 Dermatology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.2 Hematology Oncology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.3 OBGYN/Reproductive System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.4 Cardio Vascular System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.5 Infectious Diseases:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.6 Dental:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.7 Ophthalmology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.8 Environmental Medicine:

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Part Used: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Buds

NOTE: //These indications are only for use with embryonic plant stem cell tissues. Adult plants do not have the same constituents, actions or applications in most cases.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The //Platanus orientalis// is a rapidly growing deciduous tree that is native to southern Eurasia from west central Italy eastward to Persia. It is a large tree, growing 98 ft tall and spreading just as wide. A single, tall trunk may dominate the tree’s spreading growth, but more commonly, multiple branches develop on its central trunk just above ground. A normal shedding of its olive-green, patchy bark—highly ornamental and perhaps its best feature—occurs as the tree ages. The shoots and young leaves of the Platanus orientalis have a down-like covering which is usually shed as the leaves mature. Star-shaped leaves, green and deeply lobed with veins radiating from their centers, are arranged alternately on the stems. Some trees have a yellow-green color which gives the tree a golden appearance. Its early spring flowers are red and covered by hairs as in the leafy shoots; the fruits are round and burr-like, borne in clusters of two to six on a stem, and are greenish, flushed red or purple. The plant can tolerate strong winds, but not maritime exposure. It can also tolerate atmospheric pollution.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The puzzle-like bark fulfills well the condition implied in the name (“Peeled – Skin”), as the outer layers of its bark peel off. Sociology would imply that it mixes well with trees that grows together. The riverside vegetation of White Willow tree (Salix sp.), European Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and Plane tree (Platanus orientalis) is followed by a dense vegetation of Oak trees and Hornbean and the rest similar species (Teil Tree, Boxwood, Black Elder etc).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Travelers from warm and sunny countries criticize, quite rightly, the smoky atmosphere of London. It is a curious but fortunate fact that this damp and smoky climate, which retards the growth of nearly all forest trees, for some unknown reason invigorates the Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis). Chinar other common name is a gigantic sized tree, found growing throughout valley. Its incredible beauty has to be seen to be believed. Its majesty can be seen all through the year.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A fabric dye has been made from the twigs and roots. The wood is tough, difficult to split, and is not durable; however, it has been used in cabinetmaking, indoor furniture, and inlay work.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Medicinal Uses**: Astringent; Ophthalmic; Vulnerary.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The leaves are astringent and vulnerary. The fresh leaves are bruised and applied to the eyes in the treatment of ophthalmic. A decoction is used to treat dysentery and a cream made from the leaves is used to heal wounds and chilblains. The leaves are harvested in the spring and summer and can be dried for later use.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The bark is boiled in vinegar and then used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, hernias, and toothache.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Native Americans used Platanus Orientalis for a variety of medicinal purposes, including cold and cough remedies, as well as dietary, dermatological, gynecological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal aids.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Abstracts of Published Research on Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus Orientalis: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">1. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Pharmacol Res. 2000 Jan;41(1):83-86. CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF KAEMPFEROL GLYCOSIDES AGAINST HUMAN LEUKAEMIC CELL LINES IN VITRO. //Dimas K, Demetzos C, Mitaku S, Marselos M, Tzavaras T, Kokkinopoulos D.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">2. Anticancer Res. 1999 May-Jun;19(3A):2085-8. Cytotoxicity against human leukemic cell lines, and the activity on the expression of resistance genes of flavonoids from Platanus orientalis. //Mitrocotsa D, Bosch S, Mitaku S, Dimas C, Skaltsounis AL, Harvala C, Briand G, Roussakis C.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">3. Planta Med. 1993 Dec;59(6):517-20. Bioactive compounds from the buds of Platanus orientalis and isolation of a new kaempferol glycoside. //Mitrokotsa D, Mitaku S, Demetzos C, Harvala C, Mentis A, Perez S, Kokkinopoulos D//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Oligo-elements: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Not investigated.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Phytochemical Constituents: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Auxins Indole Acetic Acid IAA**,Betulinic-Acid, Caffeic Acid, Dihydrophaseic Acid (6 1), Proanthocyanidinglycosides their structures and relative configurations were established as 7-O-β-D-Glcp-(−)-epicatechingallate-(4β-8)-(−)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-(−)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-5-O-β-D-Glcp-epicatechingallate (Pl-1) and 7-O-β-D-Glc→6-O-β-D-Glcp-(−)-epigallocatechingallate-(4β-8)-(+)-catechingallate-(4β-8)-(+)-catechingallate-(4β-8)-(−)-epigallocatechingallate-(4α-8)-(−)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-[5-O-β-D-Glcp-→6-O-β-D-Glc→6-galloyl(−)-epigallocatechingallate (Pl-7). //**Indole**// Acetic Acid IAA Auxins, Two Kaempferol coumaroyl glycosides (i.e. Platanoside and Tiliroside Anti Erythema, Anti Obesity), Kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-(2"-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside, as well as the known flavonoids, Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6"-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, Peonidin, P Coumaric acid, P Hydroxy Benzoic Acid, Phytoalexin, Sesquiterpene lactones, such as Laserin and Isosileroide, Syringic Acid, Vanillic Acid, Zeaxanthin, Xanthophyll

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Cytotoxicity against human leukemic cell lines, and the activity on the expression of resistance genes of flavonoids from Platanus orientalis.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">References: Anticancer Res. 1999 May-Jun; 19(3A):2085-2088. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Greece.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Two kaempferol coumaroyl glycosides (i.e. platanoside and tiliroside) isolated from the methanolic extract of Platanus orientalis L. buds, were examined for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human leukemic cell lines. Platanoside (1) exhibited cytotoxic activity against most of the cell lines tested, while Tiliroside (2) was active against two of the nine tested cell lines. Compound 1, was examined for its effect on the uptake of [3H] thymidine as a marker of DNA synthesis. Kaempferol was used as a control. Secondary metabolites of the bark and buds of Platanus orientalis have **Estrogen-antagonist activity as in Tamoxifen**. To have this effect you must use 10 drops 3 x a day.Or 5 drops 3 x a day of the double concentrate.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Authors: D Mitrokotsa, S Mitaku, C Demetzos, C Harvala, A Mentis, S Perez, D Kokkinopoulos. Planta medica. 01/01/1994; 59(6):517-20.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A new compound kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-(2"-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside, as well as the known flavonoids, kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6"-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-(2",3"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside, and caffeic acid were obtained from the methanolic extract of Platanus orientalis L. buds. All the compounds were isolated by column chromatography and identified using 1H-NMR, 2D-1H-NMR (COSY), 1H-13C-NMR, and CIDMS techniques. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial studies were carried out in vitro against human cell lines and against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Proanthocyanidins (flavonoid): **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Potent antioxidants - more effective than Vitamin E; interact and recycle Vitamin E potential for use in Ophthalmological disorders; Anti-Adhesion; Antimutagenic effect in vitro; Antiaging; Antitumor; Pro-Anagen; Leucoanthocyanin, (also called proanthocyanidins), a sub-group of highly anti-oxidant, free-radical scavenging, bioflavonoids.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Proanthocyanidins share common properties with other polyphenols, in particular their reducing capacity and ability to chelate metal ions. However, their polymeric nature clearly makes them different. They have a high affinity for proteins and their absorption through the gut barrier is likely limited to the molecules of low polymerization degree and to the metabolites formed by the colonic microflora, as suggested by in vitro experiments. Procyanidin dimer and trimer exhibit higher growth-promoting activity than the monomer. Optimum concentration of procyanidin C-1, an epicatechin trimer, was lower than that of procyanidin B-2; the maximum growth-promoting activity of procyanidin C-1 was about 220% (3 microM). No other flavonoid compounds examined exhibit higher proliferative activities than the procyanidins. In skin constituent cells, only epithelial cells such as hair keratinocytes or epidermal keratinocytes respond to procyanidin oligomers. This is the reason for Oriental Plane Tree buds benefits for skin ailments.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;"> Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications: <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Polycrest all, The Estrogenic Receptors Disruptor and Regulator

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Dermatology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Anti-Bacterial.** Exfoliates and rejuvenate the skin. Yield incredible results with all kind of Acnes especially when hormonally induced. Also used for Vitiligo, Eczema, Rebellious Psoriasis, Urticaria in allergic reactions. Stimulates the reticulo-endothelial system and improves the immune system. Restores the external microflora of the skin.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Hematology Oncology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Inhibits Platelet aggregation. Cause blood vessel dilation by regulating nitric oxide, a molecule secreted by the blood vessel endothelium to signal surrounding muscle to relax. **Estrogen receptors disruptors**. Effects of **estrogenic** endocrine disruptors (EEDs). Induce Apoptosis. Aromatase Inhibitor, Antitumor. Inhibitors of Sulfotransferase 1A1 (or P-PST). Kaempferol has both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, which are //**biphasic (bipolar actions)**// response on estrogen receptor. Kaempferol induced strong antiproliferative effect. Cytotoxicity against human leukemic cell lines, and activity on the “expression of resistance genes” by flavonoids from Platanus orientalis. Breast Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Anticancer, Anticarcinomic, Antileukemic, Antimelanomic, Antitumor, Apoptotic, Cytotoxic.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Kaempferol can help to fight cancer because it reduces the resistance of cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs such as vinblastine and paclitaxel. Kaempferol and quercetin does not increase but decreases the binding affinities of ER cancers. Increased apoptosis resistance of metastatic cancer cells is associated -- fines a shared apoptotic-necrotic pathway in a breast tumor hypoxia model. Cytotoxic steroids with antiestrogenic activity of the 11α-acyloxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene series the activity on the expression of resistance genes of flavonoids from Platanus orientalis.//**Betulinic-Acid**// and //**Kaempferol**// Antibacterial; Antiviral; Apoptotic; Chemopreventive. "Synergistic antiproliferative action of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol in cultured human cancer cell lines". Biphasic effects of kaempferol on the estrogenicity in human breast cancer. Dietary flavonoids have attracted a great deal of attention as agents for preventing estrogen-related diseases, such as postmenopausal symptoms, and for reducing the risk of estrogen-dependent cancer. Kaempferol is one of the most commonly found dietary phytoestrogen.

Several other mechanisms for the proposed chemopreventive effects of flavonoids have been suggested, including induction of cancer cell differentiation, inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases, suppression of angiogenesis, and direct antioxidant effects. Stimulation of enzymes - Indoles, which are found in Auxins, stimulates enzymes that make estrogen less effective and could reduce the risk for breast cancer.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Abscisic Acid (ABA)**// (Plant Stress Hormone): is a naturally occurring compound in especially embryonic plants. It is a sesquiterpenoid (15-carbon) Abscisic acid is a close relative of Vitamin A. Abscisic acid, which is known for its anti-tumor activity.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Dihydrophaseic Acid (monocarboxylic acid) is a apo carotenoid sesquiterpenoid**: The concentration of abscisic acid in plants is regulated not only by biosynthesis, but also by metabolism. Abscisic acid is metabolized to phaseic acid via 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid, and phaseic acid is then converted to dihydrophaseic acid and its epimer. Enhances drought tolerance in plants increases growth production, flavor and concentration of phytochemicals. In Humans Chemopreventive; induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit growth, and induce apoptosis in precancerous and cancer cell lines.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Suppression of Estrogen Biosynthesis by Procyanidin Dimers. In breast cancer, in situ estrogen production has been demonstrated to play a major role in promoting tumor growth. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgen substrates into estrogens. This enzyme is highly expressed in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue. Inhibitory action on aromatase activity.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** OBGYN/Reproductive System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Antifertility activity -- anti-implantation activity. Fibroids tumors, Adenomyosis, Endometriosis, Ovarian Cysts, Will disrupts the receptors in excess estrogen dominance cancers. Fibro Cystic Breast Disease when estrogen dominance, PMS, Dysmenorrhea, Leg Cramps, Weight gain, Headaches, Bad Temper, Lowered Libido, Water Retention. Chronic Fatigue. Excess estrogen implies a progesterone deficiency. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the rate of new bone formation in a woman's body by the osteoblasts - the cells responsible for doing this job. This is the prime cause of osteoporosis. //**Indoles**//, which are found in //**Auxins**//, stimulate enzymes that //**make estrogen less effective**// and does reduce the risk for breast cancer.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Cardio Vascular System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Reduces the risk of stroke due to high estrogen dominance and heart failure. Reduces lipid peroxidation and inhibits platelet aggregation. Hypertension. Epicatechin reduces lipid peroxidation and inhibits platelet aggregation. Epicatechin cause blood vessel dilation by regulating nitric oxide, a molecule secreted by the blood vessel endothelium to signal surrounding muscle to relax.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Infectious Diseases: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Antiviral inhibit viral replication Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and cytotoxic. Exert not only antiviral, but also anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities. Those cutaneous Biofilms chronic skin infections. Anti MRSA Methicillin-resistant, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The antiviral activity of seven flavonoids, belonging to the kaempferol series, was evaluated against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by a rapid method of detection of the immediate-early (IE) antigen, induced by the virus in infected cells. Flavonoids bearing acyl substituent's were found to be the most active compounds.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Dental: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Buccal Epithelial Cells with Adherent Bacterial Biofilm Cells against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> **Methylobacterium platani**sp nov, isolated from buds of the tree Platanus orientalis Methylobacterium strains have been localized as endosymbionts within cells in the buds. One species, Methylobacterium podarium, is thought to be part of the natural human foot microflora. Methylobacterium have even been found living inside the human mouth. Samples have been isolated from the tongue, supra- and sub //**gingival plaques**// that have shown growth of Methylobacterium, Methylobacterium are extremely important because they can use methanol and methylamine as well as C2, C3 and C4 compounds to grow. These bacteria, which generally have a distinctive pink pigmentation, utilize methanol that's emitted by the stomata of plants and have been shown to stimulate seed germination and plant development, perhaps by producing phytohormones.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Ophthalmology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Improves Vision, Dry eyes

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Environmental Medicine: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chelator adsorbent of Cadmium and excess Chromium.We are constantly assaulted by estrogens in our environment from the food we eat and the chemicals we use. Estrogen mimickers in the form of chemicals (xenoestrogens), and foods and plants (phytoestrogens), mimic the action of estrogen produced in cells and can alter hormonal activity. Some of the 70,000 registered chemicals for use in the United States have hormonal effects in addition to toxic effects. The synergistic effects of exposure to many xenoestrogens are well documented, but largely unknown. These substances can increase the estrogen load in the body over time, and are difficult to detoxify through the liver. This further compounds the problem of estrogen dominance.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Insecticides parathion and DDT and its metabolites; herbicides; fungicides; plant and fungal estrogens; and industrial chemicals such as cadmium, lead, mercury, PCBs and dioxins. Byproducts of the plastic and pesticide industries—called organochlorines—are one of the largest sources of xenoestrogens. These compounds, also used in dry cleaning, the bleaching of feminine hygiene products and the manufacture of plastics ranging from yogurt containers to baby bottles, have been shown to exert hormone-disrupting effects. What's more, organochlorines are known to accumulate in fatty human tissue and fluid such as breasts and breast milk. Caution dictates that women should try to eliminate these external estrogen sources through diet, supplements and lifestyle changes.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Plastics in our lives also expose us to the chemical bisphenol A, a breakdown product of polycarbonate, widely used in many plastics. No BCP why not use a simpler method of birth control such as condoms? Use one that does not use a spermicide such as nonoxynol-9. Researchers found that once nonoxynol-9 gets into a rats body it breaks down into nonylphenol - a known xenoestrogen.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Preservative Methyl Paraben in Skin Lotions and Gels. John Sumpter from the Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, have found that alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (namely methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparaben) are weakly estrogenic. In an estrogen receptor-binding assay, butylparaben was able to compete with the female hormone estradiol for binding to estrogen receptors with an affinity approximately 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of diethylstilbestrol (a highly carcinogenic synthetic estrogen), and between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude less than nonylphenol (an estrogenic synthetic industrial chemical).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">B&B Super Gro, for example, which was marketed before 1994 and is still on sale in the US and claims to be "rich in hormones", was found to contain 1.6 grams of oestriol per 100 grams. While the levels of oestriol in the products were much higher, oestradiol is a far more potent form of oestrogen. "There is an increasing awareness that hormonally active compounds are present in cosmetic products." There is no doubt that oestrogens are readily absorbed through the skin--hormone therapy is often delivered via patches. Long-term exposure to these doses could cause premature puberty.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**References: Tiwary CM. Premature sexual development in children following the use of estrogen- or placenta-containing hair products. Clin Pediatr. 1998;37:733-739.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Tiwary CM. A survey of use of hormone/placenta-containing hair preparations by parents and/or children attending pediatric clinics. Mil Med. 1997;162:252-256. MEDLINE.**