Mistletoe+–+Viscum+Album

=tMistletoe – Viscum Album =  //**Family: Loranthaceae**// 


 * 1 Part Used:
 * 2 Abstracts of Published Research on Mistletoe – Viscum Album
 * 3 Oligo-elements:
 * 4 Vitamins and Minerals:
 * 5 Phytochemical Constituents:
 * 6 Plant Stem Cell Therapy:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.1 Cardio Vascular System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.2 Hematology – Oncology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.3 Immunology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.4 ENT:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.5 Musculoskeletal System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.6 Neurology:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.7 Renal – Uro Genital System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.8 Ob Gyn:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.9 Pulmonary System:
 * <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.10 Endocrine System:

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Part Used: ** <span style="border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-color: white; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #cccccc; display: block; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 161px;">

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Young Shoots

NOTE: //These indications are only for use with embryonic plant stem cell tissues. Adult plants do not have the same constituents, actions or applications in most cases.//

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The //Viscum album// is an evergreen, parasitic shrub that is native to Europe and Asia. The stems of this plant extend 1 to 3 feet along the branches of its host, forming overhanging bushes 2 to 5 feet in diameter. The Viscum album makes itself at home on almost any deciduous tree, preferably those with soft bark and most commonly poplar, lime, and apple trees. The tongue-shaped, leathery leaves of the Viscum Album are 1 to 3 inches long and are arranged in pairs. They are yellow-green like the tiny, inconspicuous flowers that blossom on twigged branches in early spring. Sustaining its color throughout winter, this yellowish green ball produces an odd appearance high up the tree after its host has lost all its leaves. Its fruits are smooth, round, white berries that ripen late in the year. All parts of the plant are poisonous, though the toxicity level is very slight.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Phytotherapy Indications**: Antispasmodic; Cardiac; Cytostatic; Diuretic; Hypotensive; Narcotic; Nervine; Stimulant; Tonic; Vasodilator.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe is chiefly used to lower blood pressure and heart rate, ease anxiety, and promote sleep. In low doses it can also relieve panic attacks and headaches and improves the ability to concentrate. The plant's efficacy as an anti-cancer treatment has been subject to a significant amount of research: there is no doubt that certain constituents of the plant, especially the viscotoxins, exhibit an anti-cancer activity, but the value of the whole plant in cancer treatment is not fully accepted. It is said that the constituents of mistletoe vary according to the host plant it is growing on (that found on oak trees is said to be superior).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Caution:// Because of the potential side effects, this plant should only be used internally under the guidance of a skilled practitioner. Using the plant internally can provoke intolerant reactions to certain substances.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The leaves and young twigs are antispasmodic, cardiac, cytostatic, diuretic, hypotensive, narcotic, nervine, stimulant, tonic, and act as a vasodilator. They are harvested just before the berries form and are dried for later use.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe has a reputation for curing epilepsy and other convulsive nervous disorders. The effect of the correct dosage is to lessen and temporarily benumb the nervous activity that causes the spasms, but larger doses can produce problems.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Mistletoe has also been employed in checking internal hemorrhages, in treating high blood pressure, and in treating cancer of the lungs and ovaries. Externally, the plant has been used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, chilblains, leg ulcers, and varicose veins.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A homeopathic remedy is made from equal quantities of the berries and leaves. It is difficult to make because of the viscidity of the sap.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Viscum album in the Therapy of Primary Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma** **Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC)** is a frequent complication in chronic hepatitis. Only a few patients are cured by surgery (hemihepatectomy). Most of the patients can only be treated in a palliative manner.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One common therapeutic option is the Percutaneous Ethanol Injection (PEI) for HCC. This cytotoxic treatment induces necrosis and causes a reduction of the HCC tumor. Mistletoe (Viscum album) is known as a cytotoxic, immune-stimulating, and immune-modulating agent.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">This study evaluated the combination of cytotoxic and immune-modulating effects of Viscum album by intralesional injection in HCC.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Viscum album (Abnobaviscum) as an immune-therapeutic and cytotoxic agent on inoperable HCC by intralesional injection to induce remission or partial remission and to measure its effect on quality of life.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Eighteen inoperable HCC patients were treated by intralesional (ultrasonographic controlled) Viscum album injections one to three times per week. Starting dose was 1 ampoule Abnobaviscum (Viscum album) per injection and doses escalating in steps of 1 ampoule by every injection until the maximal dose of 5 ampoules per injection were reached.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The main end point was complete remission of the tumor mass.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Results** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 18 eligible patients, overall tumor response was 77.7% according to the World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria; 27.7% showed complete remission and 33.3% partial remission (tumor reduction >50 %). In 16.6% of the patients, the disease was unchanged, and 22.2% showed disease progression.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">At 6, 12 and 24 months, the overall cumulative survival was 100% (6 months), 77.8% (12 months), and 53.6%, (24 months). No major toxicity was observed.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 8 cases, fever > 38.5°C was observed 1 - 4 hours after intralesional injection. One case of disease progression under therapy was a fibro lamellar HCC of a young woman (22 years old). Quality of life (SF 36) improved, even in patients with non-progressing disease.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Conclusions** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Intralesional injection of Viscum album (Abnobaviscum; mistletoe) in inoperable HCC is able to induce remission in 27.7% and partial remission in 33.3%. Historical studies of ethanol injection (PEI) demonstrated lower response rates.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In conclusion, the authors note, “The combination of cytotoxicity and immune stimulating factors of Viscum album (mistletoe) will be useful and safe in the treatment of inoperable HCC. Quality of life increased after intralesional injections of Viscum album in more than 70%. Further multicenter, randomized, controlled studies will be necessary to confirm these remarkable results in inoperable HCC.”

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Reference: H. Matthes and others. “Viscum album in the Therapy of Primary Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Abstract 755 (oral). Digestive Disease Week. May 15-20, 2004. New Orleans, LA.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe not only has an interesting mythology, but also is interesting from a medicinal point of view. Though the Druids probably overrated the herb, deeming it useful for any kind of ailment, latter herbalists still valued it highly for a variety of different ailments. Most notably it is recommended as a remedy for epilepsy, especially childhood epilepsy. This treatment reflects a homeopathic approach, since large doses of the herb, and in particular of the berries, actually cause fits and convulsions. It was employed as a specific treatment for this ailment and also used as a nervine to treat hysteria, delirium, convulsions, neuralgia as well as urinary disorders and heart complaints, especially where these are related to a nervous condition.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe is also known as a cardio-active agent that improves the pulse, regulates the heart rate, and simultaneously dilates the blood vessels, thus lowering blood pressure. It reduces headaches and dizziness caused by high blood pressure. However, from the available literature it is not entirely clear in which form mistletoe should be administered for this effect. Some sources maintain that the cardio-active principle is only effective if applied by injection while other sources recommend standard teas, tinctures, and extracts. One source also states that the active principles would be destroyed by heat and thus should only be prepared by cold infusion. The differing opinions regarding the preparation methods are certainly confusing. Recently another interesting property of mistletoe has become a matter of scientific interest. Since ancient times mistletoe has been used to treat tumors.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Nicholas Culpeper, English herbalist and physician (1616-54) stated: “The Birdlime doth mollifies hard Knots, Tumors, and Impostures, ripened and discusseth them; and draweth forth thick as well as thin Humors from the remote places of the Body, digesting and separating them.” (Culpeper’s Herbal)

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">This property has been subject to research and it has been found that mistletoe preparations show cytotoxic properties in vitro and to some degree in vivo. It has also shown to stimulate the immune system response through an increased number of white blood cells. Both of these properties have made mistletoe a candidate for cancer and AIDS research. Indeed, a mistletoe preparation is used in chemotherapy. Studies show both equal and better survival rates of patients treated with certain mistletoe preparations. However, the interviewed patients reported a better quality of life, as mistletoe does not produce the nausea and hair loss associated with other cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. Also, the immune response is improved. A negative side effect of subcutaneous treatment is the possibility of local infection at the site of injection.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe is also reputed to regulate digestive functions and cure chronic constipation, probably through its stimulating effect on the gallbladder. It also increases metabolic activity generally and is thus recommended as a blood cleanser. <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Older sources also recommend it in cases of sterility and menstrual difficulties. With regard to the aforementioned nervine properties, this would make sense where these conditions are due to an underlying nervous condition (stress, tension, hysteria, or fear).

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Externally, mistletoe use is no longer common, but according to old sources it can be prepared as a plaster (mixed with wax to make an ointment) and applied to hardened swellings and tumors. It can be usefully employed in creams to soothe sensitive, sore skin. Such creams are disinfecting and soothing and reduce abnormal cell production, making them useful in psoriasis lotions and anti-dandruff shampoos.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Viscum album L.'s actions on white blood cell components include inhibition of histamine release from sensitized leukocytes, stimulation of the release of different lymphokines from lymphocytes, activation of the release of superoxide anion from neutrophils, production of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies against the lectins present in Viscum album L. by lymphocytes, stimulation of T-helper cells (CD4+) and monocytes, increasing T lymphocytes' (CD4+) locomotory activity (doubling their migratory distance), activation of natural killer cells and granulocytes' phagocytotic activity, and repairing DNA radiation damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells test. These observations were collectively attributed mainly to the presence of lectins in mistletoe aqueous extract and, to some extent, to viscotoxins (viscotoxins were shown to be stronger stimulators for granulocytes' phagocytotic activity than lectins were); however, a more recent study challenged the ability of Viscum album L. to activate phagocytosis; no phagocytotic activation was observed on human phagocytes over a dose range of mistletoe extract of 0.025 to 20 ng/mL. Other studies also demonstrated that Viscum album L. had no effect on granulocytes, lymphocytes, or monocytes in healthy human subjects.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The anti-cancer action of mistletoe was demonstrated in many cancer cell lines of human or animal origins (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary, Dalton's lymphoma ascites, Ehrlich ascites cells, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, leukemia cells, human cervical carcinoma, and human colon cancer) in cell culture studies. Mistletoe preparations, however, were not active against human melanoma cells or fibroblasts and Walker rat carcinosarcoma in cell culture studies.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">According to the clinicians who advocate the use of mistletoe as a treatment for cancer, prolongation in life expectancy and improvement in the quality of life are the major positive outcomes expected from this treatment. These positive outcomes, however, have been challenged and were not seen in patients with certain types of cancer. This lack of efficacy may be due to the rise in antibody (IgG) titer against lectin in patients' blood. Until efficacy issues concerning this herb have been resolved, patients should be strongly advised about the current official status held by the FDA and other respectable health agencies, and warned about this botanical's therapeutic limitations and safety.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chemicals in European mistletoe also have effects on the heart. At low doses, they can lower blood pressure and decrease heart rate. At higher levels, European mistletoe may cause blood vessels to contract, thereby potentially raising blood pressure. Few studies have been carried out to prove or disprove whether or not European mistletoe in small dosage as within PSC concentrated gemmotherapy is safe.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Phytosociology**: Mistletoe analogue: a foreign growth off the host in the same way that a tumor is a growth off the human body.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Abstracts of Published Research on Mistletoe – Viscum Album: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">1. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print] Immunomodulating effects of Korean mistletoe lectin in vitro and in vivo. //Lee CH, Kim JK, Kim HY, Park SM, Lee SM//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">2. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Forsch Komplementmed. 2009 Aug;16(4):217-26. Epub 2009 Jul 17. Efficacy and safety of mistletoe preparations (Viscum album) for patients with cancer diseases. A systematic review. //Melzer J, Iten F, Hostanska K, Saller R//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">3. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 11;28:79. Viscum album L. extracts in breast and gynaecological cancers: a systematic review of clinical and preclinical research. //Kienle GS, Glockmann A, Schink M, Kiene H//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">4. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009 Jan;22(1):102-6 Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. //Sengul M, Yildiz H, Gungor N, Cetin B, Eser Z, Ercisli S//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">5. Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):407-11. Immunological response to mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in cancer patients: a four-case series. //Gardin NE//.

6. Integr Cancer Ther. 2008 Sep;7(3):162-71. Mistletoe in conventional oncological practice: exemplary cases.//Legnani W//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">7. Anticancer Res. 2008 May-Jun;28(3B):1893-7. Local reactions to treatments with Viscum album L. extracts and their association with T-lymphocyte subsets and quality of life. //Büssing A, Tröger W, Stumpf C, Schietzel M//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">8. BMC Cancer. 2008 Jun 4;8:161. Induction of maturation and activation of human dendritic cells: a mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of Viscum album as complimentary therapy in cancer. //Elluru SR, van Huyen JP, Delignat S, Kazatchkine MD, Friboulet A, Kaveri SV, Bayry J//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">9. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(10):665-78. Prospective controlled cohort studies on long-term therapy of ovairian cancer patients with mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extracts iscador. //Grossarth-Maticek R, Ziegler R//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">10. Front Biosci. 2008 Jan 1;13:1130-40. Uses of plant lectins in bioscience and biomedicine. //Pusztai A, Bardocz S, Ewen SW//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">11. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 May;13(4):443-5. Successful treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with Viscum album extract (Iscador M). //Kirsch A//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">12. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Pharmazie. 2007 Mar;62(3):237-8 Prolonged cytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts from dried viscum album on bladder cancer cells. //Hunziker-Basler N, Zuzak TJ, Eggenschwiler J, Rist L, Simões-Wüst AP, Viviani A//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">13. Integr Cancer Ther. 2007 Mar;6(1):8-13. A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue. //Sood A, Barton DL, Bauer BA, Loprinzi CL//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">14. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Fitoterapia. 2006 Dec;77(7-8):556-60. Epub 2006 Sep 22. Antioxidant activity of Viscum album ssp. album. //Onay-Uçar E, Karagöz A, Arda N//.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">15. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Oct 11;107(3):418-23. Epub 2006 Apr 15. Antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. //Avci G, Kupeli E, Eryavuz A, Yesilada E, Kucukkurt I//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Oligo-elements: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Se, Si, Sr, Zn.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Vitamins and Minerals: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Acetyl-Choline, C, Calcium,Inositol.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Phytochemical Constituents: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">4,5-Dihydroxy-3,7-Dimethoxyflavone, Alpha-Carotene, Arginine, Ascorbic-Acid, Asparagine, Avicularin, Beta-Amyrin, Beta-Carotene, Betulin, Betulinic-Acid, Caffeic-Acid, Eleutheroside B (syringin), Eleutheroside-E (Liriodendrin), Gaba, Gentisic-Acid, Glucose, Histamine, Inositol, Lupeol, Lutein, Mannitol, Myristic-Acid, Oleanolic-Acid, Palmitic-Acid, Sinapic-Acid, Starch, Viscotoxin, Xanthophyll.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mistletoe grown on an apple tree has the strongest pharmacologic effect. The major constituents of mistletoe are the lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins), which include viscumin, polypeptides known as viscotoxins (with a basic chemical structure of thionins), and a number of phenolic compounds (e.g., digallic acid, o-coumaric acid) found in their free state or as glycosides.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Viscum album's//actions on white blood cell components include inhibition of histamine release from sensitized leukocytes, stimulation of the release of different lymphokines from lymphocytes, activation of the release of superoxide anion from neutrophils, production of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies against the lectins present in Viscum album L. by lymphocytes, stimulation of T-helper cells (CD4+) and monocytes, increasing T lymphocytes' (CD4+) locomotory activity (doubling their migratory distance), activation of natural killer cells and granulocytes' phagocytotic activity, and repairing DNA radiation damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cell tests. These observations were collectively attributed mainly to the presence of lectins in mistletoe aqueous extract and, to some extent, to viscotoxins (viscotoxins were shown to be stronger stimulators for granulocytes' phagocytotic activity than lectins were); however, a more recent study challenged the ability of Viscum album L. to activate phagocytosis; no phagocytotic activation was observed on human phagocytes over a dose range of mistletoe extract of 0.025 to 20 ng/mL. Other studies also demonstrated that Viscum album L. had no effect on granulocytes, lymphocytes, or monocytes in healthy human subjects.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">This property has been subject to research and it has been found that mistletoe preparations show cytotoxic properties in vitro and to some degree in vivo. It has also shown to stimulate the immune system response through an increased number of white blood cells. Both of these properties have made mistletoe a candidate for cancer and AIDS research. Indeed, a mistletoe preparation is used in chemotherapy. Studies show both equal and better survival rates of patients treated with certain mistletoe preparations. However, the interviewed patients reported a better quality of life, as mistletoe does not produce the nausea and hair loss associated with other cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. Also, the immune response is improved.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Toxicity: Mainly in the berries not in the young shoots.**

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The anticancer action of mistletoe was demonstrated in many cancer cell lines of human or animal origins (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary, Dalton's lymphoma ascites, Ehrlich ascites cells, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, leukemia cells, human cervical carcinoma, human colon cancer) in cell culture studies. Mistletoe preparations, however, were not active against human melanoma cells or fibroblasts and Walker rat carcinosarcoma in cell culture studies.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">According to the clinicians who advocate the use of mistletoe as a treatment for cancer, prolongation in life expectancy and improvement in the quality of life are the major positive outcomes expected from this treatment. These positive outcomes, however, have been challenged and were not seen in patients with certain types of cancer. This lack of efficacy may be due to the rise in antibody (IgG) titer against lectin in patients' blood. Until efficacy issues concerning this herb have been resolved, patients should be strongly advised about the current official status held by the FDA and other respectable health agencies, and warned about this botanical's therapeutic limitations and safety.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Viscum Album in the Therapy of Primary Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma** <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chemicals in European mistletoe also have effects on the heart. At low doses, they can lower blood pressure and decrease heart rate. At higher levels, European mistletoe may cause blood vessels to contract, thereby potentially raising blood pressure. Few studies have been done to prove or disprove European mistletoe’s effects, but, in small dosage, as with PSC concentrated gemmotherapy, it is safe.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;"> Plant Stem Cell Therapy:

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Polycrest all

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Cardio Vascular System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anti-Sclerotic, Anti-Tumors, Hypotensive, Reduces Cholesterol & Triglycerides. Hypertension and migraine association, Atherosclerosis, Ventricular Atrophy, Cardio Pulmonary Heart, Anti-spasmodic.

//**Note:**// //Small amount will lower blood pressure and large amount will raise the blood pressure contrary to Hawthorn which high amount can be use in rebel hypertension and low amount in hypotension being bipolar in actions. The opposite dosage polar action ruler applies here.//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Hematology – Oncology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Benign Tumors, Anti-Neoplastic can be used with chemotherapy along with Black Currant – Ribes Nigrum and Juniper – Juniperus Communis. Prevents chemotherapy side effects and protects from the damages of such therapies. Limits the spread of metastasis. //**Primary Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma**//, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Leukemia cells, Cervical carcinoma, Colon cancer.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Immunology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Stimulates the Immune System. Increases WBC’s.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** ENT: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Deafness due to sclerosis of ear drums or oslets but must be used in conjunction with its main action since it will lower blood pressure.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Musculoskeletal System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Osteoarthritis, Arthrosis, Rheumatic gout.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Neurology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Epilepsy, Generalized Seizures (Grand Mal), Neuralgias, Sciatica.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Renal – Uro Genital System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Diuretic,

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Ob Gyn: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Menorrhagia, Polycystic Ovaries.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Pulmonary System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Emphysema, Cardiac Asthma, Fibrosis of the Lungs.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Endocrine System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Menopause & Male Climacteric.