European+Alder+–+Alnus+Glutinosa

=European Alder – Alnus Glutinosa =  //**Family: Betulaceae**// 


 * 1 Part Used:
 * 2 Abstracts of Published Research on European Alder – Alnus Glutinosa:
 * 3 Oligo-elements:
 * 4 Phytochemical Constituents:
 * 5 Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications
 * 5.1 Hydrogenoid:
 * 5.2 Cardio Vascular System
 * 5.3 Hematology Oncology
 * 6 Immunological System:
 * 7 Neurology:
 * 8 Pulmonary System & ENT:
 * 9 Musculoskeletal System:
 * 10 Renal – Uro Genital System:
 * 11 Infectious Disease:
 * 12 GI – Digestive – Hepatology:
 * 13 Dermatology – Allergy:
 * 14 Environmental:

 ** Part Used: ** 

Buds

NOTE: //These indications are only for use with embryonic plant stem cell tissues. Adult plants do not have the same constituents, actions or applications in most cases.//

The //Alnusglutinosa// is a deciduous, rapidly growing tree that is native to most of Europe and extends into North Africa, Asia Minor, and western Siberia. This moderately-sized tree grows as high as 65 feet and is pyramidal or columnar shaped. Its rotund, alternate leaves are dark green, smooth, and 1.5 to 3.5 inches long by 1.2 to 2.7 inches wide. Bud development begins 9-10 months before pollination; buds range in size from 0.1 to 0.4 inch, with male buds being distinctly longer than female buds and tending to grow closer to the tips of the branchlets. The tree’s varied-colored flowers, ranging from peach to deep purple, blossom in early spring before the leaves are fully out.

The 3/4 inch long, egg-shaped nutlet of this tree resemble miniature pinecones and provides a dependable supply of winter food for wildlife. The winged seeds of the Alnus glutinosa ripen from September to November. Seed dispersal continues throughout the winter, providing a valuable food source for wildlife. The tree also provides watershed protection and is used in environmental forestry.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The wood is brittle when young and is very easily worked. It has been used for making chairs, cart wheels, spinning wheels, bowls, spoons, wooden carvings, shoes, and wooden heels. The wood’s water durability makes it especially valuable for pumps, troughs, sluices, and piles. Charcoal is made from its branches and dye from its bark. The leaves have been used in tanning leather.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Abstracts of Published Research on European Alder – Alnus Glutinosa: **

<span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;">Mycologia. 2009 Sep-Oct;101(5):622-31. Morphological measurements and ITS sequences show that the new alder rust in Europe is conspecific with Melampsoridium hiratsukanum in eastern Asia.//Hantula J, Kurkela T, Hendry S, Yamaguchi T.// <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">2.

<span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; color: #002bb8; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; text-decoration: none;">Plant Physiol. 1983 Mar;71(3):652-657. Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Roots and Nodules of Alnus glutinosa: I. Role of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase in Dark CO(2) Fixation, Citrulline Synthesis, and N(2) Fixation.//McClure PR, Coker GT, Schubert KR.//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Oligo-elements: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, Zn.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Phytochemical Constituents: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">3-Beta-Hydroxyglutin-5-EN, Alnincanone, //Alnulin//, Alnusfoliendiolone, Auxins (IAA), //Beta-Sitosterol//, **Brassinosteroids (BR)**, //Brassinolide//,//Castasterone//, Citrulline, Cytokinins (CK), //Delta-Amyrenone//, //Emodin//, //Genkwanin//, //Gibberellins// (GA), Glutinone, Hirsutanolol, Hyperoside, Jasmonic acid (JA), L-Ornithine, L-Serine, //Lupeol//, Meristems plant stem cells (PSC), Oregonin, //Phlobaphene//, //Protoalnulin//, Salicylates (SA), Sucrose, Tannin, //Taraxetrol//, //Taraxerone//.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Plant Stem Cell Therapy Indications: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//Polycrest all!//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Hydrogenoid: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">People affected by humidity. //The Dulcamera non-toxic alternative.//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Cardio Vascular System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anti-inflammatory. Best remedy for Heart Disease. Increases Cardio Vascular Circulation. Post Myocardial Infarct, Cerebral Infarctions, Auricular Fibrillation, Coronaritis, Arteritis, Venous Thrombosis, Fibrinolysis, Vascular spasm, Phlebitis, Erysipelas. Mitral narrowing. Acute and Sub-Acute Inflammations. Cerebral and Coronary thrombosis will create its own **by-pass** more effective than surgery creating a new blood vessel around the blockage in order to re-establish a new collateral circulation. Repairs coronary damage. Increases Cardio Vascular Circulation. Phlebitis and Thrombo-Plebitis, Pyelitis.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Hematology Oncology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anticoagulant global. Hemochromatosis. Reduces fibrinogen in the blood. Breaks down blood clots. Antileukemic, Antineoplastic, Antitumor: Breast, duodenum, esophagus, face, pylorus, pancreas, prostate, rectum, throat, tongue, and uterus. Emodin affects the expression of genes involved in various cellular functions and plays important roles in cell apoptosis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy-resistance, which suggests emodin might become an effective chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for small cell lung cancer SCLC. Antineuroectodermal tumor activity. Emodin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Akt signal pathway may be involved in this process. It belongs to a family of compounds called anthraquinones, which have shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects.Emodin is capable of inhibiting cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and prevention of metastasis. These capabilities seem to act through tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Aloe-emodin is another major component in rhubarb to have anti-tumor properties. Its anti-proliferative property is related to p53 and its downstream p21 pathway.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Oregonin (diarylheptanoid xyloside)**: the anti-inflammatory actions of oregonin, which include the inhibition of iNOS gene transcription via suppressing transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1, as well as the upregulation of anti-inflammatory molecule HO-1. The HO-1-derived CO may also be involved in the suppressive effect on iNOS gene regulation.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">References: Lee, Cheng-Jui (CJ); Lee, Shoei-Sheng (SS); Chen, Su-Chung (SC); Ho, Feng-Ming (FM); Lin, Wan-Wan (WW); Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Chemoprotective biological activities from these triterpenoids, taraxasterol and taraxerol exhibited significant inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction also exhibited potent anti-tumor-promoting activity in the two-stage carcinogenesis mammary tumors.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anti-tumor and chemopreventive activity. They have been shown experimentally to inhibit colon and breast cancer development.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Immunological System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Regulate hyper immune function. **Brassinolide - Castasterone**: Brassinolide, a plant sterol from almost every embryonic plant tissue induces apoptosis in human. Plant steroids with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"> Regulates auto immune conditions. Growth-boosting hormone “Pumps up” plants like athletes on steroids may do the same for human if you buy the concept of phytosociology analogue to the human body. Reduce auto-immune response. Capable of reversing abnormalities of the immune system, Anti-inflammatory effects.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Citrulline**// promotes energy and assists with the immune system. This unusual amino acid is formed in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Oregonin (diarylheptanoid xyloside)**: the anti-inflammatory actions of oregonin, which include the inhibition of iNOS gene transcription via suppressing transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1, as well as the upregulation of anti-inflammatory molecule HO-1. The HO-1-derived CO may also be involved in the suppressive effect on iNOS gene regulation.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**References**: Lee, Cheng-Jui (CJ); Lee, Shoei-Sheng (SS); Chen, Su-Chung (SC); Ho, Feng-Ming (FM); Lin, Wan-Wan (WW); Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Neurology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Improves cerebral circulation, tonifies arterial walls in the encephalic area, in cerebral hemorrhage sequelae and in cerebral ramollissement. Senile Dementia, Memory Loss, Improves Cognitive Function, Migraines acute & chronic, Stroke, Vertigo.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Will take 3-4 months to improve these conditions. Play a central role in the production of myelin and may be of benefits in myelin depletion. Myelin can be destroyed by hereditary neurodegenerative disorders such as the leukodystrophies, and by acquired diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Pulmonary System & ENT: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pleural Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Sinusitis. Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Tracheitis, Cough, Chronic Allergies. Prevents oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in lung fibroblast cells via an antioxidant effect. By scavenging intracellular ROS and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Musculoskeletal System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, Fibromyalgia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteitis Deformans. Painful Knees.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Renal – Uro Genital System: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Cystitis.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Infectious Disease: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anti-viral. Cytomegalovirus. **Emodin is a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1. Protoalnulin (triterpene)**: Antibiotic activity against many strains of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. //**Taraxerol**// exhibited significant //**inhibitory**// effects on //**EBV-EA induction.**//

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** GI – Digestive – Hepatology: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Alkalinizing Agent. Antispasmodic in the colon. Detoxifies the entire digestive system, Food Allergies, IBS, Gastritis, Peptic & Duodenal Ulcers, Colitis, Diverticulosis, Celiac Disease, Dermatitis Herpetiformis related to Celiac Disease, Peritonitis, Cholecystitis, Cholestatic hepatitis, Biliary Lithiasis. Amoeba Infestation. Detoxify the liver from ammonia, which is a waste product of the body from oxidation. At high doses has a laxative effect. Induces the release of growth hormone in the body, which in turn helps with fat metabolism.//**Emodin**// has a protective effect on hepatocytes and a restoring activity on cholestatic hepatitis by anti-inflammation. The effects are mainly due to antagonizing pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, inhibiting oxidative damage, improving hepatic microcirculation, reducing impairment signals, and controlling neutrophil infiltration. //**Cholestatic hepatitis**// was once called cholangiolitic hepatitis, which is the obstruction of bile secretion and dysfunction of bile canaliculi in the Golgi apparatus of the liver cells. Cholestatic hepatitis is commonly seen in viral, iatrogenic (drug-caused), and idiopathic cholestatic hepatitis as part of their pathology.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In medicine, cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. The two basic distinctions are an obstructive type of cholestasis where there is a mechanical blockage in the duct system such as can occur from a gallstone or malignancy and metabolic types of cholestasis which are disturbances in bile formation that can occur because of genetic defects or acquired as a side effect of many medications. //**Genkwanin**// its ability to help prevent cancer and age-related skin damage, boost the functioning of the liver and act as a mild diuretic to help reduce swelling.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">//**Genkwanin**// is an antispasmodic in the colon.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Glutinone (sesquiterpenoid)**: Anti-inflammatory; Anti-Ulcerogenic; Antibacterial; Antifungal: Anthelmintic.

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">**Taraxetrol - Taraxerone (triterpene)**: Antisecretory; Antiulcer. (anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal effects).

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Dermatology – Allergy: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Urticaria following antibiotic or any other drug allergic reactions. Vaccinations, serum, stings, plants, food. A potent profibrinolytic and wound healing agent. Activation of human type VII collagen gene promoter. Helps strengthen the capillaries and has a rejuvenating effect. Age-related skin damage. //**Emodin a purgative anthraquinone Genkwanin (flavonoid)**//: Antibacterial; Pesticide; Purgative. Genkwanin up-regulates the transcriptional activation of human type VII collagen gene promoter. For fungal infections or //**ringworm: mix with lard and apply topically**//. Helps strengthen the capillaries and has a rejuvenating effect.

 <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; color: black; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">** Environmental: **

<span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Removes Heavy Metals and Pesticides.